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LiNbO3 MZ Modulator



Literature Research

Summary

Group (Year) E-O BW ER @ Baud Rate Vpp VπL IL Note Ref
HUST (OFC 2025) 108GHz(-3dB) - @112Gbps(ook) -@224Gbps(PAM4) - 1.02V*cm 2.9dB composite electrode composed of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and gold.electric field intensity 1.88E5 V m-1 to 3.07E5 V m-1. Link
RTU (OFC 2025) - - @212.5Gbaud(PAM4) 1V Vpi 2V 0.7dB amplification-free TFLN-based optical links Link
shanghai (OFC 2024) 67GHz(-1.5dB) - @120Gbps(PAM4) - 3.12V*cm 0.7dB 8-inch Si substrate Link
NICT (OFC 2024) 110GHz(3dB) - 1V Vpi 2.4V 2.1dB Flat Frequency-Response over 110 GHz Bandwidth Link
IMEC (ECOC 2023) - - - 8V*cm 1.5dB Transfer-printing method;microring modulator;hybrid Si-LN;600nm thick thin-film;tuning efficiency 3.89pm/V Link

Note - All data are expected to be experimental data unless noted explictly. - ER: eye-diagram extinction ratio, single value for NRZ(OOK), 3 values for PAM4. - IL: insertion loss, provide test conditions (average or biased at certain voltage)



Details

HUST (OFC 2025)

  • Design: push–pull modulation
  • Electrode: GSG;the TCO films were placed under the gold electrodes
  • Length: 5mm

RTU (OFC 2025)

  • Design: -
  • Electrode: -
  • Length: -

shanghai (OFC 2024)

  • Design: phase shift part wagveguide width 4.5um
  • Electrode: GSG;CPW electrode
  • Length: ~1.8 mm

NICT (OFC 2024)

  • Design:EOFDE;Fundamental modulation section 15mm;Same-polarity modulation section 15mm;Reverse-polarity modulation section 15mm
  • Electrode: GSG;capacity-loaded traveling-wave electrode (CLTWE);1.2 um thick electrode
  • Length: 45mm

zhangjiang (ECOC 2023)

  • Design: Si-LN microring modulator.
  • Electrode: GS
  • Length: ~1mm length,15 um radius